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Object Orientated programming or OOP is a special way of developing computer programs. When programming languages were first developed they were procedural, that is the lines of code would be executed one after another until the program was completed. Many languages such as C and BASIC are still procedural based.

Object orientation takes a different view of the world. Object orientated programs try to model the world and break it down into small components.

Streaming is the technique of transmitting data across the Internet in a constant flow or stream, as opposed to normal Internet traffic, which is transmitted under a request and acknowledgment basis. An analogy would be a hosepipe containing a constant stream of water, people wishing to share the water could each have their own pin-hole within the pipe.

The technique is well suited to Multimedia data being sent over the Internet, such as video and sound.

Today, network designers are moving away from using bridges and hubs and are primarily using switches and routers to build networks. A switch is a device that will create an electronic circuit between a source and destination host.

The best way I can think to describe the function of a switch is to ask you to conjure the image of an old fashioned switchboard operator at a telephone exchange (you’re showing your age if you can!).

A topology (from the Greek topos: place) is a description of a particular locality in terms of its physical layout. In the context of computer networks, a topology describes pictorially the configuration or map of its layout.

Technically, bandwidth is the range of frequencies that can be passed over a transmission channel. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) or cycles per second.

The Domain Name System is a mechanism for matching all the Internet’s host names to their relevant IP addresses. You see, if you wanted to access this site without the facility of DNS, you would have to know its IP address, which is incidentally 193.119.128.38. As you can imagine, trying to remember all your favourite sites’ numerical addresses would be quite a pain.

Generally, the term ‘broadband’ refers to data communications where a wide band of frequencies are available to transmit information. When signals are transmitted, such as a voice signal over the telephone network, they are normally broadcast within a specific range.